APPENDIX 1 GLOSSARY

A-E- Architect, Engineering Firm. AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE (AWG)- The standard adopted in the United States for the measurement of wire sizes.

AMMETER- An instrument for measuring the amount of electron flow (in amperes).

AMPACITY- The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.

AMPERE- The basic unit of electrical current

AMPLIFIER- The device that provides amplification (the increase in current, voltage, or power of a signal) without appreciably altering the original signal.

ANSI- American National Standards Institute.

BILL OF MATERIAL- Alist of standard parts or raw materials needed to fabricate an item.

BLOCK DIAGRAM- A diagram in which the major components of a piece of equipment or a system are represented by squares, rectangles, or other geometric figures, and the normal order of progression of a signal or current flow is represented by lines.

BLUEPRINTS- Copies of electrical or other types of technical drawings. Although blueprints used to be blue, modern reproduction techniques now permit printing of black on white as well as colors.

BORDER LINES- Dark lines defining the inside edge of the margin on a drawing.

BREAK LINES- Lines to reduce graphic size of an object generally to conserve paper space. Two types: long, thin, ruled lined with freehand zigzag; short, thick, wavy freehand line.

CAPACITANCE- The property of an electrical circuit that opposes changes in voltage.

CAPACITOR- An electrical device capable of storing electrical energy in an electrostatic field

CBC- Construction Battalion Center.

CESE- Civil Engineering Support Equipment.

CESO- Civil Engineering Support Office System manager responsible for maintaining NCF Table of Allowance (TOA).

COMSECONDNCB- Commander, Second Naval Construction Brigade.

COMTHIRDNCB- Commander, Third Naval Construction Brigade.

CONDUCTOR- A material that easily permits electric current to flow.

CONTINUITY- An uninterrupted, complete path for current flow.

CRIBBING- The act of placing some firm material around the below ground portion of a power pole.

CTR- Central Tool Room.

CURRENT- The passage of electrons through a conductor, measured in amperes.

DEVICE- A part of an electrical system that is intended to carry electrical energy.

DIRECT SHORT- See SHORT CIRCUIT.

DoD- Department of Defense.

DYNAMOMETER- An instrument that measures the strain of the pull used in pole-line construction.

ELECTROLYTE- A solution of a substance that is capable of conducting electricity.

ELECTROMECHANICAL DRAWING- A special type of drawing combining electrical symbols and mechanical drawing to show the composition of equipment that combines electrical and mechanical features.

EPA- Environmental Protection Agency.

EQUIPMENT GROUNDING- The grounding of all exposed non-current carrying metal parts of an electrical system to the earth.

FEX- Field exercise.

FLUORESCENT LAMP- A low-pressure mercury electric-discharge lamp in which a fluorescing coating on its inner surface transforms some of the ultraviolet energy generated by the discharge into light.

GROUND- A conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between an electrical circuit or equipment and the earth.

GROUNDING CONDUCTOR- Aconductor used to connect equipment or the grounded circuit of a wiring system to a grounding electrode.

GROUNDING ELECTRODE- A conductor embedded in the earth for maintaining ground potential on conductors connected to it.

HAZARDOUS LOCATION- An area where ignitable vapors or dust might cause a fire or explosion created by energy emitted from lighting or other electrical equipment.

HYDROMETER- An instrument used to measure specific gravity. In batteries, hydrometers are used to indicate the state of change by the specific gravity of the electrolyte.

INDUCTANCE- The property of a circuit that tends to oppose a change in the existing current flow.

INDUCTION- The act or process of producing voltage and current by the relative motion of a magnetic field across a conductor.

INDUCTION MOTOR- A simple, rugged, ac motor with desirable characteristics. The rotor is energized by transformer action (induction) from the stator.

INSULATION- A material used to prevent the leakage of electricity from a conductor and provide mechanical spacing or support as protection against accidental contact with the conductor.

INSULATOR- A device having high electrical resistance; used for supporting or separating conductors so as to prevent undesired flow of current from the conductors to other objects.

ISOMETRIC WIRING DIAGRAM- A diagram showing the outline of a structure and the location of equipment, such as panels, and junction boxes, and cable runs.

MAINTENANCE- Day-to-day, periodic, or scheduled work required to preserve or restore a facility or equipment so that it can be used effec-

tively for its designed purpose. It includes work to prevent damage to or the deterioration of a facility that would otherwise be more costly to restore.

MEP- Mobile electric power.

MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS (MILSPEC)- Technical requirements and standards adopted by the Department of Defense that must be met by vendors selling materials to DoD.

MILITARY STANDARDS (MIL-STD)- Standards of performance for components or equipment that must be met to be acceptable for military systems.

MOCC- Mount-out control center.

MOTOR- A machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It is activated by ac or dc

voltage, depending on the design.

MOTOR LOAD- Any device driven by a motor. Typical loads are drills, saws, water pumps, generators, and so forth. The speed and power capabilities of a motor must be matched to the speed and power capabilities of the motor load.

MOTOR STARTERS- Resistive devices placed in series with dc motor armatures to prevent the armature from drawing excessive current until armature speed develops counter emf.

MSDS- Material Safety Data Sheet. A mandatory form that should accompany any hazardous mate-rials being issued to or used by naval personnel.

NAVFACENGCOM- Naval Facilities Engineering Command. Manages the planning, design, and construction of the U. S. naval facilities around the world.

NAVSUP- Naval Supply Command.

NCBC- Naval Construction Battalion Center.

NCF- Naval Construction Force.

NEC(r)- National Electrical Code(r).

NFPA- National Fire Protection Agency.

OHM- The unit of electrical resistance; that value of electrical resistance through which a constant potential difference of 1 volt across the resistance will maintain a current flow of 1 ampere through the resistance.

OIC- Officer in charge.

OPEN CIRCUIT- A circuit that does not provide a complete path for the flow of current.

OPNAVINST- Instructions from the Chief of Naval Operations.

OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Act.

P& E- Planning and estimating.

PHOTOCELL- A light-controlled variable resistor that has a light-to-dark resistance ratio of 1: 1,000; used in various types of control and timing circuits.

PICTORIAL WIRING DIAGRAM- A diagram showing actual pictorial sketches of various parts of a piece of equipment and the electrical connections between the parts.

POLYPROPYLENE- Any various thermoplastic resins that are polymers of propylene. They are tough and hard and are used to make molded articles and fibers.

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE- Visual, mechanical, electrical, and electronic checks that are made to determine whether or not equipment is functioning properly.

PWC- Public Works Center.

PWD- Public Works Department.

RECEIVER- Equipment that converts electromagnetic energy into audible form.

RECTIFIER- A device that converts alternating current to direct current.

REGULATOR- The section in a basic power supply that maintains the output of the power supply at a constant level in spite of large changes in load current or input line voltage.

RELAY- An electromagnetic device with one or more sets of contacts that change position by the magnetic attraction of a coil to an armature.

RESISTANCE -The opposition of a device or material offers to the flow of current. The effect of resistance is to raise the temperature of the material or device carrying the current.

ROTOR- The revolving part of a rotating electrical machine. The rotor mat should be either the field or the armature, depending on the design of the machine.

SAFETY- Being safe from undergoing or causing injury, harm, or loss of personnel or equipment.

SCALE- The ratio between the measurement used on a drawing and the measurement of the object it represents.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM- A diagram using graphic symbols to show now a circuit functions electrically.

SHORT CIRCUIT- An unintentional current path between two components in a current or between component and ground; usually caused by a circuit malfunction (also known as direct short).

SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM- A diagram using single lines and graphic symbols to simplify a complex circuit or system.

SLIP RINGS- Contacts that are mounted on the shaft of a motor or generator to which the rotor windings are connected and against which the brushes ride. Devices for making electrical connections between stationary and rotating contacts.

SOLID-STATE DEVICE- An electronic device that operates by the movement of electrons within a solid piece of semiconductor material.

SPECIFICATION -Detailed description or identification relating to quality, strength, or similar performance requirements.

STATOR- The stationary part of a rotating electrical machine. The stator may be either the field or the armature, depending on the design of the machine.

SYNTHETIC-FIBER LINE- A rope made from either nylon, polyester, polyethylene, or polypropylene.

TITLE BLOCK- A blocked area in the lower right corner of a print; provides information to identify the drawing, its subject matter, origins, scale, and other data

TOA- Table of Allowance. Personnel, equipment, and supplies needed for a particular NCF unit for that unit to function properly.

TRANSFORMER -A device composed of two or more coils, linked by magnetic lines of force; used to transfer energy from one circuit to another.

TROUBLESHOOTING- The process of locating and diagnosing faults in equipment by means of systematic checking or analysis.

UTILITY PLAN- A floor plan of a structure showing locations of heating, electrical, plumbing, and other service system components.

VOLTAGE- The term used to signify electrical pressure. Voltage is a force that causes current to flow through an electrical conductor.

WATT- The unit of electrical power that is the product of voltage and current.

WATT-HOUR- A practical unit of electrical energy equal to 1 watt of power for 1 hour.

WATT-HOUR METER- A meter used to measure electrical energy.

WATTMETER- A meter used to measure electrical power.

WHIPPING- The process of securing the ends of a fiber or wire rope to prevent the strands from unraveling.

WIRING (CONNECTION) DIAGRAM- A diagram showing the individual connections within a unit and the physical arrangement of the components.

29 CFR- Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations.

APPENDIX II METRIC CONVERSION TABLES

Length Conversion Weight Conversion When If You You If You When You Can Find: Multiply By: You Know: You Know: Can Find: Multiply By:

inches millimeters 25.4 ounces grams 28.3 inches 0.45 centimeters 2.54 pounds kilograms short tons megagrams 0.9 feet centimeters 3 0 (2000 lbs) (metric tons)

feet meters 0.3 grams ounces 0.035 3 yards centimeters 9 0 kilograms pounds 2 .2

yards meters 0 .9 megagrams short tons 1 .1 miles kilometers 1 .6 (metric tons) (2000 lbs) miles meters 1 600 millimeters inches 0.04 centimeters inches 0 .4 centimeters feet 0.032 8 meters feet 3 .3 Temperature Conversion centimeters yards 0.010 9 If You meters You yards 1 .1 When Multiply By:

meters You Know: Can Find: miles 0.000 621 kilometers miles 0 .6 degrees Fahrenheit degrees Celsius subtract 32 then meters nautical miles 0.000 54 multiply by 5/ 9

nautical miles meters 1852 degress Celsius degrees Fahrenheit multiply by 9/ 5

then add 32 degrees Celsius kelvins add 273.15

Volume Conversion When You If You You Know: Can Find: Multiply By:

Area Conversion teaspoons milliters 5 tablespoons milliters 1 5 When You If You fluid ounces milliters 3 0 You Know: Can Find: Multiply By:

cups liters 0.24 pints liters 0.47 square inches square centimeters 6.45 quarts liters 0 .9 5 square inches square meters 0.000 6 gallons liters 3 .8 square feet square centimeters 9 2 9 milliters teaspoons 0 .2 square feet square meters 0.092 9 milliters tablespoons 0.067 square yards square centimeters 8.360 milliters fluid ounces 0.034 square yards square meters 0.836 liters cups 4 .2 square miles square kilometers 2.6 liters pints 2.1 square centimeters square inches 0.155 liters quarts 1.06 square meters square inches 1 550 liters gallons 0.26 square centimeters square feet 0.001 cubic feet cubic meters 0.028 square meters square feet 1 0 .8 cubic yards cubic meters 0.765 square centimeters square yards 0.000 12 cubic meters cubic feet 35.3 square meters square yards 1 .2 cubic meters cubic yards 1.31 square kilometers square miles 0.4 CEJA0033

APPENDIX III FORMULAS

CONVERSION FACTORS AND CONSTANTS = 3.14 2 = 6.28 = 9.87 = 39.5

= 2.718 = 1.414 = 1.732 LOG = 0.497

Temperature

(F to C) C = 5/ 9 (F - 32) (C to F) F = 9/ 5 C + 32 (C to K) K = C + 73

Power 1kilowatt = 1.341 horsepower 1horsepower = 746 watts

OHM'S LAW - DIRECT CURRENT

F = NP N = F 120 P = F 120 120 P N OHM'S LAW - ALTERNATING CURRENT

SINUSOIDAL VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS

PF = actual power watts kW R = = = apparent power volts x amperes kVA Z Effective Value = 0.707 x Peak Value Average Value = 0.637 x Peak Value Peakvalue = 1.414 x Effective Value Effective Value = 1.11 x Average Value Peak Value = 1.57 x Average Value Average Value = 0.9 x Effective Value

TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS Opposite Side sin A = a =

c Hypotenuse

b Adjacent Side cos A = = c Hypotenuse

Opposite Side tan A = a = b Adjacent Side

b Adjacent Side cot A = = a Opposite Side

SPEED VS. POLES FORMULAS

F= frequency N= speed of rotation

p =number of poles 120= time constant

POWER FACTOR

SINGLE-PHASE CIRCUITS TWO-PHASE CIRCUITS I = P P 2 x E x PF E = P PF = 2 x I x PF E x I 2 x E x I kW kVA = 1,000 P F kW = kVA x PF

P = 2 x E x I x PF

P =1.732 x E x I x PF VA = 1.732 x E x I P 0.577 x P E = = PF x 1.73 x I PF x I P I = 0.577 x P = PF x 1.73 x E PF x E

P F = P = 0.577 x P PF x 1.73 x E I x E VA =apparent power (voltamperes) P =actual power (watts E =line voltage (volts) I =line current (amperes)

THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS, BALANCED WYE

EI k W kVA = 1,000 = kW= kVA x PF P F P P P I = E = PF = E x PF I X PF E x I

P = E x I x PF

THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS, BALANCED DELTA

POWER: THREE-PHASE BALANCED WYE OR DELTA CIRCUITS

APPENDIX IV HAND SIGNALS

APPENDIX V References USED TO DEVELOP THIS TRAMAN

Although the following References were current when this TRAMAN was published, their continued currency cannot be assured. When

consulting these References, keep in mind that they may have been revised to reflect new technology or revised methods, practices, or procedures. You therefore need to ensure that you are studying the latest References.

Chapter 1 Hazard Communication, Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR 1910.1200, 1991. Hazardous Material Control and Management, OPNAVINST 4110.2, Office of the Chief of Naval Operation, Washington, DC, 1989.

Seabee Supply Manual, COMCBPAUCOMCBLANTINST 4400.3A, 1987.

Chapter 2 Blueprint Reading and Sketching, NAVEDTRA 12014, Naval Education and Training Program Management Support Activity*, Pensacola, FL, 1994.

Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams, American National Standard, ANSI 2.2-1975, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,

NY, 1986. Graphic Symbols for Electrical Wiring and Layout Diagrams, American National Standard, ANSI Y32.9-1972, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, NY, 1972.

Chapter 3 Croft, Terrell, and Wilford I. Summers, American Electrician's Handbook 12th ed., McGraw-Hill, NY, 1992.

McPortland, J. F., and Brian J. McPortland, National Electrical Code(r) Handbook, 22d ed, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1996. Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series, Module 1, Matter Energy, and Direct Current, NAVEDTRA, B72-01-00-92, Naval Education and Training Program Management Support Activity*, Pensacola, FL, 1992.

Operator and Organization Maintenance Manual for a Generator Set, Diesel Engine Driven, TM5-6115-545-12, 1982.

Chapter 4 Croft, Terrell, and Wilford I. Summers, American Electrician's Handbook, 12th ed., McGraw-Hill, NY, 1992.

Electric Power Distribution Systems Operations, NAVFAC MO-201, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Alexandria, VA, 1990. Electrical Transmission and Distribution Safety Manual, NAVFAC P-1060, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Alexandria, VA, 1990. Kurtz, Edwin B., and Thomas M. Shoemaker, The Lineman's and Cableman's Handbook, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, NY, 1996.

McPortland, J. F., and Brian J. McPortland, National Electrical Code(r) Handbook, 22d ed, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1996.

Chapter 5 Code of Federal Regulation, 29 CFR, 1991. McPortland, J. E, and Brian J. McPortland, National Electrical Code(r) Handbook, 22d ed, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1996.

National Electrical Code(r), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1996.

Chapter 6 Croft, Terrell, and Wilford I. Summers, American Electician's Handbook, 12th ed., McGraw-Hill, NY, 1992.

Kurtz, Edwin B., and Thomas M. Shoemaker, The Lineman's and Cableman's Handbook, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, NY, 1996.

McPortland, J. F., and Brian J. McPortland, National Electrical Code(r) Handbook, 22d ed, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1996.

National Electrical Code(r), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1996.

Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series, Module 8, Introduction to Amplifiers, NAVEDTRA 172-08-00-82, Naval Educational Training Program Management Support Activity*, Pensacola, FL, 1982.

Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series, Module 24, Introduction to Fiber Optics, NAVEDTRA B72-24-00-92, Naval Educational Training Program Management Support Activity*, Pensacola, FL, 1992.

Rosenberg, Robert, and August Hand, Electric Motor Repair, 3rd ed., Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, TX, 1987.

Wire Communications and Signal Systems, MIL-HDBK-1004/ 7, Department of Defense, Washington, DC, 1991.

Chapter 7 Electrician Systems Technician, AFSC 5425A and B, Department of the Air Force, Extension Course Institute, Gunter Air Force Station, Montgomery, AL, 1993.

McPortland, J. E, and Brian J. McPortland, National Electrical Code(r) Handbook, 22d ed, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1996. National Electrical Code(r), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1996.

* Effective 01 October 1996, the Naval Education and Training Program Management Support Activity (NETPMSA) became the Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center (NETPDTC).