2-2 Regulations).  We  must  not  characterize  orders  with tyrannical  or  capricious  conduct  (an  erratic  change  in behavior)  or  by  abusive  language  (article  1023,  U.S. Navy  Regulations).  Since  authority  is  given  only  to fulfill duties  and  responsibilities,  we  need  to  delegate only as much organizational authority as necessary to fulfill   those   duties   and   responsibilities.   Delegation should   never   be   made   beyond   the   lowest   level   of competence.   Limitations,   therefore,   may   be   set   by command. LAWFUL ORDERS An   order   must   be   lawful.   Any   order   imposing punishment outside the framework of the Uniform Code of  Military  Justice  (UCMJ)  is  unlawful.  Punishment may only be through the judicial process or nonjudicially through article 15 of the UCMJ (commanding officer’s nonjudicial punishment). However, petty officers may take certain measures to correct minor infractions that do not merit punishment under article 15 of the UCMJ. The following    nonpunitive    measures    are    available    to supervisors through their commanding officers. Extra Military Instruction Extra military instruction (EMI) is a type of military duty used to correct a deficiency of an individual. EMI is a  nonpunitive  measure  approved  by  the  Manual  for Courts-Martial and outlined in the Manual of the Judge Advocate General. EMI is a training device intended to improve   efficiency   of   a   command   or   unit.   EMI   is intended as a corrective measure. Therefore, you must give EMI with the intention of correcting a deficiency in performance of military duty, not with the intention of substituting it for punitive action under the UCMJ. EMI must have a logical relationship to the deficiency you are correcting. The duration of EMI is only for the period required to correct the performance deficiency. Normally, EMI assignments are for no more than 2 hours per day. EMI is  done  at  a  reasonable  time  outside  normal  working hours. Its purpose is not to deprive a member of normal liberty. EMI is not to be done on a person’s Sabbath. A member who has entitlement to liberty may begin normal liberty upon completion of EMI. The authority to assign EMI rests with the commanding officer, but delegation of the authority to assign EMI may be part of a normal supervisory task. Permission for delegation of authority ordinarily  is  not  given  below  the  chief  petty  officer (CPO)   level.   However,   in   exceptional   cases   when qualified  petty  officers  are  filling  CPO  billets  in  an organizational  unit  (division,   major   work   center,   or comparable  organization)  that  contains  no  CPO,  the authority may be delegated to a senior petty officer. Withholding of Privileges The temporary withholding of a privilege is another nonpunitive measure. Supervisors can use this measure to  correct  minor  infractions  of  military  regulations  or performance   deficiencies.   A   privilege   is   a   benefit provided   for   the   convenience   or   enjoyment   of   an individual.  Some  examples  of  privileges  that  we  can withhold  as  nonpunitive  measures  are  special  liberty, exchange of duty, special command programs, the use of base or ship libraries, base or ship movies, base parking, and base special services events. The final authority to withhold a privilege rests with the authority that grants the privilege. Thus at times you only  can  recommend  the  withholding  of  a  privilege through your  chain  of  command.  However,  when  you think it is necessary, you should make the recommendation.   The   action   could   correct   a   minor infraction,  thereby,  increasing  the  efficiency  of  your division. Extension of Working Hours Deprivation  of  normal  liberty   as   a   punishment, except  as  specifically  authorized  under  the  UCMJ,  is illegal. Supervisors cannot deny personnel normal liberty as a punishment for any offense or for poor performance of duty. However, supervisors can require personnel to perform tasks efficiently and in a timely manner. Thus naval personnel are not receiving punishment when they have  to  remain  on  board  outside  of  normal  working hours to complete work assignments, perform additional essential   work,   or   maintain   the   required   level   of operational  readiness.  Supervisors  must  inform  their superiors  when  they  intend  to  direct  subordinates  to work beyond normal working hours. Remember that the work    must    be    essential,    must    have    a    readiness requirement,  or  must  be  work  that  should  have  been finished during the normal workday.