Chapter 1 Mediums

• Acronyms
• Overview-Cont.
• Papers
• Paper surfaces
• Paper types
• Paper types-Cont.
• Erasers
• Hand-held erasers-Cont.
• Electric  erasers
• Air erasers
• Pencils
• Soft leads
• Holding the pencil
• Position of the arm and body
• Sharpening a pencil
• Draftsman’s pencil sharpener
• Sandpaper  pad
• Sandpaper  pad-Cont.
• Sandpaper  pad-Cont.
• Line weight
• Tone
• The pencil illustration
• Color pencils
• Brushes
• Figure  1-15.—Bristle nomenclature.
• Brush bristles
• Flat brushes
• Handles
• Brushes-Cont.
• Pen and Inks
• Lettering nibs
• Reservoir pens
• Reservoir pens-Cont.
• Improper pen handling
• Pen Care
• Ink
• Ink washes
• Assembly tools
• Working in wash
• Working a wash-Cont.
• Graded washes
• Indefinite blends
• Pastels and Charcoals
• Degrees of hardness
• Pastels
• Exercises in charcoal and pastel
• Oil-Based Pigments
• Oil-paint grounds
• Substrates-Cont.
• Underpainting
• Alla prima
• Acrylic-Based Pigments
• Acrylic paint grounds
• Special equipment
• Water-Based Pigments
• Watercolor characteristics
• Gouache permanence
• Casein storage
• Casein finishing
• Wet brush blending
• Figure 1-32.—Wet  brush  blending.
• Dry brush blending
• Figure 1-33.—Dry  brush  blending.
• Summary

Chapter 2-Color

• Acronyms
• Overview-Cont.
• Light
• Characteristics of light
• Reflection
• Transmission
• Polarization
• Additive Theory of Color
• Subtractive Theory of Color
• Secondary colors
• Tertiary colors
• Color wheel
• Figure  2-12.—A  12-hue  color  wheel.
• Complimentary color
• Value
• Color schemes
• Figure  2-16.—Monochromatic    color.
• Analogous color schemes
• Complimentary color schemes
• Triad color schemes
• Color characteristics
• Color influence
• Illumination
• Adjacency
• Color effects
• Distance
• Luster
• Iridescence
• Luminosity
• Color mixing
• Process Color
• How process color works-Cont.
• Flat color
• Color Electronic Prepress Systems
• Desktop Color
• Image capture
• Summary

Chapter 3 Drawing

• Overview-Cont.
• Basic Drawing
• Contour Drawing
• Blind contour
• Felt contour
• Cross contour
• Negative contour
• Inversion contour
• Gesture Drawing
• Basic Shapes
• Cubes
• Spheres
• Cylinders
• Cones
• CombiningForms
• Drawing forms
• Shading
• Basic  Rendering  Techniques
• Arrangement
• Light
• Value
• Reflection
• Figure Drawing
• Reducing the figure to basic forms
• Figure Drawing-Cont.
• Composite drawings of the figure
• Composite drawings of the figure-Cont.
• Composite drawings of the figure-Cont.
• Common errors
• Measuring adult figure height with the head-Cont.
• Measuring adult figure width with the head
• Figure profiles
• Measuring the child figure with the head
• Foreshortening
• Figure  Elements
• Arms
• Legs
• Hands and feet
• Hands and feet-Cont.
• Head
• Facial  Features
• Features in profile
• Feature proportions
• Eyes
• Nose
• Mouth and chin 
• Ears
• Rendering Techniques for Figure Drawing
• Gravity folds
• Gravity folds-Cont.
• Gravity folds-Cont.
• Tension folds
• Expression
• Directional lines
• Settings
• Background
• Perspective
• Crowds
• Summary

Chapter 4-Cartooning and Animation

• Overview-Cont.
• Cartoons
• Cartoons
• Exaggerated cartoons
• Cartoon strips
• Balloons
• Caricature
• Animation
• Animation techniques-Cont.
• Figure 4-7.—A model sheet.
• Spacing guides
• Range of action
• Flipping
• Basic  Equipment
• Equipment-Cont.
• Elemental Construction
• Drawing the cartoon head
• Drawing the cartoon head-Cont.
• Figure 4-13.—The steps for drawing cartoon heads.
• Positioning cartoons heads
• Positioning the cartoon head-Cont.
• Positioning catoon heads-Cont.
• Positioning catoon heads-Cont.
• Creating character with cartoon heads
• Creating character with cartoon heads-Cont.
• Features of cartoon heads
• Figure  4-20.—Basic facial expressions.
• Figure  4-21.—More basic facial expressions
• Constructing the cartoon figure
• Figure 4-23.—Basic forms are integral to cartoon construction.
• Figure 4-24.—Exaggerated    musculatiry.
• Foreshortening
• Drawing through
• Hands
• Feet
• Animal forms
• Animal forms-Cont.
• Figure 4-31.—An animal figure constructed with ellipses or balloons.
• Figure 4-32.—An animal figure and an exaggerated animal figure.
• Incidental Construction
• Settings
• Figure  4-35.—Basic forms in settings.
• Figure  4-36.—Props can confuse the viewer.
• Technique
• Summary

Chapter 5-Lettering

• Acronyms
• Lettering
• Lettering on technical drawings
• Calligraphy
• Letter Nomenclature
• Type families
• Type size -height
• Typeface x-rating
• Font metrics
• Component parts
• Figure  5-11.—Letter  component  parts.
• Letter  Geometry
• Guidelines-Cont.
• Guidelines-Cont.
• Letter weight
• Letter weight-Cont.
• Letter Classifications
• Letter Classifications
• Major groupings
• Roman letter group
• Gothic letter group
• Figure  5-22.—Basic  and  formal  script.
• Script letter group-Cont.
• Text letter group
• Italic letter group
• Letter Strokes
• Figure 5-29.—Six  basic  lettering  strokes.
• Basic strokes of gothic letters
• Basic strokes of roman-style letters
• Basic strokes of script
• Letter Compositions
• Formal lettering composition
• Informal lettering composition
• Legibility
• Figure  5-37.—Mechanical and optical spacing.
• Legibility-Cont.
• Figure 5-38.—Common  spacing problems
• Legibility-Cont.
• Centering
• Justification
• Overlapping letters
• Lettering Mediums
• Pencil letters
• Pens and ink letters
• Brush letters
• Brush  lettering-Cont.
• Brush letters-Cont.
• Figure  5-53.—Different lettering nibs on felt-tipped markers.
• Lettering Aids
• Lettering templates-Cont.
• Photolettering devices
• Transfer  letters
• Calligraphy
• Left-handed calligraphy
• Holding the pen
• Guidelines
• Distance between guidelines
• Basic strokes
• M-chain method
• Progressing from the m-chain
• Figure  5-66.—Word practice sheets with and without the m-chain.
• In-the-round lettering
• Variations
• Summary

Chapter 6-Airbrush

• Acronyms
• Airbrushes
• Single-action airbrushes
• Double-action airbrushes
• Figure  6-4.—Varying  the  spray  pattern.
• Using a double-action airbrush
• Figure  6-5.—Holding  and  moving  the  airbrush.
• Oscillating airbrushes
• Gravity-fed airbrushes
• Component Parts
• Air hoses
• Regulators
• Moisture traps
• Maintenance
• Cleaning airbrushes-Cont.
• Figure  6-13.—Loosening  the  needle  locknut.
• Figure  6-14.—Removing  the  needlepoint  from  the  airbrush.
• Cleaning airbrushes
• Airbrush Pigments
• Preparing To Airbrush
• Preparing To Airbrush-Cont.
• Friskets
• Figure  6-18.—Placing frisket over an illustration.
• Steps in airbrushing
• Even Tones
• Even tones-Cont.
• Graduated Tones
• Figure  6-20.—Airbrushing  graduated  tones
• Spot Effects
• Spot Effects-Cont.
• Metallic Effects
• Metallic  effects-Cont.
• Metallic  effects-Cont.
• Special Effects
• Figure  6-29.—Using  a  direct  contact  mask  to  create  a  hard  edge.
• Figure  6-30.—Layering  masks  in  an  illustration.
• Figure  6-31.—The  centipede  effect.
• Figure  6-32.—Spray  patterns  on  variously  textured  surfaces
• Basic Shapes
• Cubes-Cont.
• Spheres
• Spheres-Cont.
• Cylinders
• Figure  6-35.—The  airbrushed  cylinder.
• Figure  6-36.—Steps  in  airbrushing  cones.
• Pictorial Rendering
• Pictorial Rendering-Cont.
• Figure  6-39.—The  middle  ground  airbrushed.
• Figure  6-41.—The  finished  airbrush  illustration.
• Technical Illustrations
• Technical Illustrations-Cont.
• Figure  6-42.—Technical  drawing  outline.
• Technical Illustrations-Cont.
• Figure  6-44.—Airbrush  by  sections  until  the  illustration  is  complete.
• Figure 6-45.—Airbrushing  inside  threads.
• PhotographicRetouching
• Summary

Chapter 7-Photography

• Acronyms
• Overview-Cont.
• Cameras
• Camera planes
• Camera adjustments
• Camera adjustments
• Process and Copy Cameras
• Figure  7-4.—Process  camera  nomenclature.
• Using a process camera
• Four-tray development
• Printing
• Copy cameras
• Electronic Cameras
• Small-Format Cameras
• Single-lens reflex cameras
• ISO selection dial
• Leaf shutters
• Focal-plane shutters
• Light meters
• Using a 35mm camera
• Shutter Speed
• Shutter  speed dial
• Recommended shutter speeds
• Aperture
• Aperture settings
• Aperture settings without light meters
• Lenses
• Focal length-Cont.
• Lens range
• Lens  coverage
• Depth of field
• Depth of field-Cont.
• Films
• Color film
• Sheet or cut film
• Film speed
• Spectral sensitivity-Cont.
• Film contrast
• Film emulsion definition-Cont.
• Papers
• Paper  surface
• Paper handling
• Finished Prints
• Scaling artwork
• Summary

Chapter 8-Computer Generation

• Acronyms
• Acronyms-Cont.
• Overview-Cont.
• Software
• Using software wisely
• Using software wisely-Cont.
• Security
• Level I
• Electronic media security
• Disk security markings
• Viruses
• Virus protection
• Common Software Features
• Cursers and pointers-Cont.
• Windows
• Minimize and maximize
• Menus-Cont.
• Figure  8-8.—A dialogue box for page numbering.
• Menus-Cont.
• Menus-Cont.
• HELP
• Scroll bars
• Common Software Options
• Font-related options
• Common Software Commands
• EDIT feature
• VIEW  feature
• TOOLS  feature
• Directories and Subdirectories
• Subdirectories or folders
• File listings
• Purging files
• File Formats
• Saving file formats
• File format suffixes
• Word Processing Software
• Graphics Software
• Image-editing programs
• Isolating tools
• Rendering tools
• Rendering tools-Cont.
• Blending tools
• Stylizing filters
• Stylizing filters-Cont.
• Stylizing filters-Cont.
• Stylizing filters-Cont.
• Stylizing filters-Cont.
• Color formats
• Working in color
• Desktop Publishing Software
• Style sheets
• Web Pages
• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
• Web  addresses
• Summary

Appendix I-Glossary

• Appendix I-Glossary-Cont.
• Appendix I-Glossary-Cont.
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• Appendix I-Glossary-Cont.

Appendix II-References Used to Develop the Traman

• Appendix II-References Used to Develop the Traman-Cont.

Index

• Index-Cont.
• Index-Cont.
• Index-Cont.
• Index-Cont.
• Index-Cont.
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• Index-Cont.
• Index-Cont.
• Index-Cont.
• Index-Cont.

Assignment Questions

• Assignment 1
• Assignment 1-Cont.
• Assignment 1-Cont.
• Assignment 1-Cont.
• Assignment 1-Cont.
• Assignment 1-Cont.
• Assingment 2
• Assingment 2-Cont.
• Assingment 2-Cont.
• Assingment 2-Cont.
• Assingment 2-Cont.
• Assingment 2-Cont.
• Assignment 3
• Assignment 3-Cont.
• Assignment 3-Cont.
• Assignment 3-Cont.
• Assignment 3-Cont.
• Assignment 4
• Assignment 4-Cont.
• Assignment 4-Cont.
• Assignment 4-Cont.
• Assignment 5
• Assignment 5-Cont.
• Assignment 5-Cont.
• Assignment 5-Cont.
• Assignment 5-Cont.
• Assignment 5-Cont.
• Assignment 6
• Assignment 6-Cont.
• Assignment 6-Cont.
• Assignment 6-Cont.
• Assignment 6-Cont.
• Assignment 6-Cont.
• Assignment 7
• Assignment 7-Cont.
• Assignment 7-Cont.
• Assignment 7-Cont.
• Assignment 7-Cont.
• Assignment 7-Cont.
• Assignment 8
• Assignment 8-Cont.
• Assignment 8-Cont.
• Assignment 8-Cont.
• Assignment 8-Cont.
• Assignment 8-Cont.

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