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There   are   several   formulas   for   calculating the  number  of  board  feet  in  any  given  length  of lumber   of   given   section   dimensions.   Because lumber   dimensions   are   most   frequently   given by   length   in   feet   and   width   and   thickness   in inches,  the  following  formula  is  probably  the  most practical: Following the usual metric system of nomen- clature, subdivisions and multiples of the liter are as   follows: b f   = thickness in in. x width in in. x length in ft 1 2 0.000001   liter   =   1   microliter 0.001  liter  =  1  milliliter 0 . 0 1    l i t e r    =    1    c e n t i l i t e r 0 . 1 0    l i t e r    =    1    d e c i l i t e r 10 . 0 0   l i t e r   =   1   d e c a l i t e r 100.00   liter   =   1   hectoliter 1 , 0 0 0 . 0 0   l i t e r   =   1   k i l o l i t e r Board  measure  is  calculated  on  the  basis  of the  nominal,  not  the  actual,  section  dimensions. The  actual  section  dimensions  of  (for  example) 2  by  4  stock,  which  is  surfaced  on  all  four surfaces  (S4S),  are  about  1  5/8  in.  thick  by  3  5/8 in.  wide.  Nevertheless,  the  computation  for  the number  of  (for  example)  300  linear  ft  of  2  by  4 stock   would   be   as   follows: 1 2 100 2  x  4  x  300 =  200  bf 12 6 3 1 Electrical  Measure In  an  electrical  circuit  there  is  a  flow  of electrons,  roughly  similar  to  the  flow  of  water  in a   water   pipe.   The   flow   is   occasioned   by   the production,   at   a   generating   station,   battery,   or other  source,  of  an  ELECTROMOTIVE  FORCE (E),  roughly  similar  to  the  "head"  of  water  in  a water  system.  The  size  of  the  electromotive  force is  measured  in  units  called  VOLTS. Liquid  Measure The  rate  of  flow  of  the  electrons  through  the circuit   is   called   the   CURRENT   (I).   Current   is measured  in  units  called  AMPERES. In  the  United  States  the  basic  unit  of  liquid measure is the GALLON, which has a volume of 231 cu in. or 0.13 cu ft. The gallon is subdivided into  smaller  units  as  follows: The  usual  conductor  for  transporting  a  flow of  electrons  through  a  circuit  is  wire.  Generally speaking,  the  smaller  the  diameter  of  the  wire,  the more  will  be  the  RESISTANCE  (R)  to  the  flow, and  the  larger  the  diameter,  the  less  the  resistance. Resistance  is  measured  in  units  called  OHMS. 1   gallon   =   4   quarts 1  quart  =  2  pints 1  pint  =  4  gills The definitions of the units volt, ampere, and ohm   are   as   follows: Units  larger  than  the  gallon  in  liquid  measure are   as   follows: 1   volt 1  ampere 1  ohm Electromotive force required to send a  current  of  1  ampere  through  a system  in  which  the  resistance measures  1  ohm. 1   barrel   =   31.5   gallons 1  hogshead  =  63  gallons  or  2  barrels For  petroleum  products  the  standard  barrel contains  42  gallons. In  the  metric  system  the  basic  unit  of  liquid measure is the LITER, equal in volume to a cubic decimeter,  or  about  61  cu  in.  There  are  3.785  liters in   a   U.S.   gallon. Rate of flow of electrons in a system in  which  the  electromotive  force  is 1  volt  and  the  resistance,  1  ohm. Resistance   offered   by   a   system   in which  the  electromotive  force  is 1  volt  and  the  current,  1  ampere. 1-32

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