of the maintenance tasks they will ultimately be required to  perform.  Most  of  the  hands-on  training  ETs  receive comes at their first duty stations. As a shop supervisor, you are responsible for providing the extra training the new ET will require to become a competent, technically skilled  technician.  You  can  do  this  by  using  a combination  of  the  following  training  methods: 1. On-the-job training (OJT)–One of the most used and easiest ways of providing training 2.  Personnel  qualifications  standards  (PQS)–A method of developing the ability of a person to stand a watch or maintain a piece of equipment 3.  Formal  shipboard  training–The  best  way  to  train large groups of people, but requires more effort and preparation  than  the  two  preceding  methods On-the-Job  Training  (OJT) This is by far the simplest and easiest way to train. It  can  be  used  almost  anytime  the  shop  supervisor desires.  Showing  a  new  ET  how  to  perform  an  hf transmitter   alignment,   how   to   perform   rf   power measurements, and how to perform a receiver sensitivity check are all examples of OJT. When used wisely, OJT allows new ETs to gain the hands-on experience under operational  conditions  that  could  not  be  acquired  at  a formal  school.  You  perform  OJT  many  times  a  day without ever thinking about it. By emphasizing OJT, you will be able to increase the technical competence of your new personnel in a shorter time. Although you can use OJT  informally,  you  should  also  schedule  it  as  part  of your  shop’s  in-rate  training  program. Personnel  Qualification  Standards  (PQS) The PQS system was discussed earlier in chapter 1. We will now show you how you can use the PQS system in training your personnel. You can use PQS as a method of  training  or  qualifying  new  personnel  reporting aboard. You can also use it as a method for cross-training and requalifying experienced personnel. The concept of standards for personnel qualification is not new in the Navy. For many years, various forms of qualification standards  have  been  in  use.  Observing  the  performance of new technicians in a shop routine helps the shop supervisor decide when the technicians are ready to stand a watch or work on equipment by themselves. The first lieutenant applies a similar approach to hands-on performance   evaluation   in   the   qualification   of helmsmen and boat coxswains. The detailed checkoff list   approach   to   watch submarines  has  been  used station   qualification   in for many years with great success. By developing a step-by-step watchstander’s PQS for a particular installation, you can ensure that any new  ET  reporting  aboard  will  receive  all  pertinent information. The Personnel Qualification Standards developed  to  date  have  been  very  beneficial  as  an element of a well-managed unit training program. The success of the PQS program in your division or shop depends upon you. To make this program a success, you must take the following steps: 1. Have and maintain an adequate PQS reference library  of  technical,  procedural,  and  rate  training manuals. 2.  Effectively  manage  the  overall  division  or  shop training program. 3.  Have  a  program  to  prepare  work  group supervisors as PQS qualifiers, Supervise and assist designated PQS qualifiers. 4. Have realistic individual qualification goals and time  limits. 5.  Monitor  individual  qualification  progress. Formal Shipboard/Shop Training The most difficult training to perform is that aboard ship or in a busy maintenance shop. There are many variables to consider when you attempt formal training aboard ship. First, consider the preparation required for presenting  a  formal  class.  Four  factors  you  must consider when you prepare for a formal training session are as follows: 1.  Are  adequate  up-to-date  lesson  plans  or instructor’s  guides  available? 2. Can the presentation be scheduled at a time that will give maximum attendance? 3. Is there an adequate location available to use as a  classroom? 4. Is there a method available for measuring class achievement? The  following  paragraphs  discuss  each  of  the  four factors listed above. 1. Availability of lesson plans. If lesson plans or instructor  guides  (IGs)  are  available,  you  should carefully screen them to be sure they contain the topics you want to present and all of the points you want to emphasize–the  need-to-know  material.  If  lesson  plans or instructor guides are not available or are inadequate 3-15