PRACTICE SHORING

If you are in charge of a shoring detail and if you have enough shores on board, it would be a good idea to give your shoring detail personnel some practice in shoring. As they put up the shoring, explain what they are doing right and what they are doing wrong and, in each case, why it is right or wrong. Ensure that they understand the principles of spreading the pressure, and why a shore in cross-axial pressure might snap. Be sure that they learn how to measure shores and how to cut them correctly before they actually do the cutting.

If possible, obtain permission to put the shoring up in a compartment where it may be left for a few days. This will allow other personnel to inspect it and indirectly learn something about how to shore.

When doing practice shoring jobs, be careful not to cut the shores more than necessary. You will seldom have an oversupply of shores aboard ship. If you do not have spare shores for practice jobs, use strips and battens to build mock-ups and models to scale. Although models are not as effective for training as actual practice shoring jobs, they do have some training effect. One advantage of the models is that you can work out some rather elaborate shoring problems with

Figure 7-21.-Locking wedges in place. 7-17

them. Also, the models can be kept and used again and again for training purposes.

After the shoring practice has been completed (whether using a model or full-size shores), it is a good idea to have the shoring detail personnel discuss the job and make comments on the good and bad points of the shoring. Some of the questions to be brought up in this discussion include the following:

. Is the shoring job effective?

. Could it be made just as effective with fewer shores? l Should more shores have been used?

. Is the shoring pressure correctly spread? . Is the wedging done correctly?

This type of questioning and discussion can be effective as a device for making sure that everyone involved really understands the problems and principles of shoring.

EMERGENCY PIPE PATCHING

Damaged piping systems are another source of flooding in compartments. The pipes may have small holes, cracks, or be totally severed. Normally, you will want to isolate the damage by securing the cutout valves on each side of the damaged section of piping. However, whether the

piping may be secured, and the amount of time it can be secured, will depend on the service the system provides. A saltwater flushing line may stay secured until repairs can be made after vital repairs have been completed. However, you will need to make temporary repairs on some lines immediately to put the system back into service. Firemain piping, fuel oil lines, and chill water cooling lines to electronic spaces should be repaired as soon as possible.

Small holes in some piping maybe temporarily repaired if you drill the hole out, thread it, and then insert a machine screw. Other holes will require a different means of patching. You may use a jubilee pipe patch, a soft patch, or a metallic pipe patch. The materials for all of these repairs are found in the pipe-patching kit.

Pipe-patching kits are available in the ship's repair lockers. Each kit contains the following items:

l A canvas bag, with a carrying strap, approximately 30 inches deep and 12 inches in diameter

Several small softwood plugs and wedges; enough to plug 24 inches of split

Approximately 8 square feet of 1/8-inch rubber gasket

Approximately 8 square feet of canvas

One hundred and fifty feet of marlin

Three pounds of oakum or rags

One hacksaw with a minimum of six spare blades

One hatchet or wood chisel

One hammer, 2 pounds in weight

l A pair of scissors or a knife for cutting the materials

l A banding kit

Figure 7-22.-Jubilee pipe patches.

. A metallic pipe repair kit 

. Jubilee pipe patches; a minimum of five in various sizes