A
large percentage of controller applications require that the controller be
operated from a remote location or operate automatically in response to control
signals. As discussed, manual controllers cannot provide this type of control;
therefore, magnetic controllers are necessary.
Basic
operations using a magnetic controller, such as the closing of switches or
contacts, are performed by magnetic contactors. A magnetic controller is one
that will automatically perform all operations in the proper sequence after the
closure of a master switch. The master switch (for example, float switch,
pressure switch, or thermostat) is frequently operated automatically. But in
some cases, such as pushbuttons, drum switches, or knife switches, the master
switch is manually operated. Figure 10 shows a typical magnetic controller and
its component parts.
Figure
10 Typical Three-Phase Magnetic
Controller
A magnetic contactor (Figure 11) is a device operated by
an electromagnet.
The magnetic contactor consists of an electromagnet and a
movable iron armature on which movable and stationary contacts are mounted.
When there is no current flow through the electromagnetic coil, the armature is
held away by a spring. When the coil is energized, the electromagnet attracts
the armature and closes the electrical contacts.
Overload devices are incorporated into magnetic
controllers. These overload devices protect the motor from overcurrent
conditions that would be extremely harmful. There are many types and forms of
overload devices. The following types of overload devices are commonly used in
motor-control equipment.
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