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Engineering Charts and Graphs Graphic presentation of engineering data means using CHARTS and GRAPHS, rather than numerical tables or word descriptions, to present statistical engineering information. Properly constructed, each form of chart or graph offers a sharp, clear, visual statement about a particular aspect or series of related facts. The visual statement either emphasizes the numerical value of the facts or shows the way these facts are related, A chart or graph that emphasizes numerical value is called quantitative; one that qualitative. The display charts.TECHNICAL ENGINEERING CHARTS usually are based on a series of measurements of laboratory experiments or work activities. Such measurements examine the quantitative relation-ship between a set of two factors or variables. Of the two variables, one has either a controlled or regular variation and is called the independent variable. The other is called the dependent variable because its values are related to those of the independent variable. The line connecting plotted points is called a curve, although it may be broken, straight, or curved. The curve demonstrates the relationship between the variables and permits reading approximate values between plotted points. DISPLAY CHARTS are organized primarily to convey data to nontechnical audiences. The message presents a general picture of a situation, usually comparative. There are many varieties of display charts, including bar charts, status charts, and training aids. In a SEABEE battalion, display charts are frequently used in operations and training departments. When so used, they must conform to minimum standards prescribed by the command. Any construction job involves quantities of people, materials, and equipment. Efficient operation and completion of the job result from planning, organization, and supervision. Graphic presentation of data is important. Statistics based on the results of past jobs with similar working conditions provide a basis for predicting the amount of time that a proposed job will take. These statistics offer the best possibilities for study when presented graphically, usually in the form of a curve. The prediction of expected achievement usually is presented as a bar chart and is called a time-and-work schedule, When the scheduled work progress is compared with the actual progress (work in place), the chart is called a progress chart. Drafting Guidelines As stated earlier, there are definite guidelines in drafting. These guidelines provide uniform interpretation of all engineering drawings. Any drawing prepared by or for the Navy must be prepared following the latest military standard (MIL-STD), Department of Defense Standard (DOD-STD), and applicable NAVFACENGCOM design manuals. For subjects not covered by these References, you might refer to civilian publications, such as the Architectural Graphic Standards. Or, you may devise your own symbols, provided that any nonstandard features in your drawing are supported with adequate explanation by notes or by legend. Many drawings continue in use for years. Therefore, you will have occasion to work with drawings that contain obsolete symbols. Look for a legend on the drawings; it should help you in reading symbols with which you are not familiar. If there is no legend, study the drawing carefully and you should be able to interpret the meaning of unfamiliar symbols and abbreviations. DoD drawing standards, which are constantly being updated, are published by the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Supply and Logistics), Office of Standardization. Any Navy activity can obtain copies of these standards by writing to the following: Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120. All requests should state the title and identifying number and should be submitted on DD Form 1425. To ensure that you have the latest edition of a standard, check the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards, which is issued 31 July of each year. Also check the supplements to the Index. Current editions of the following military standards should be available to the EA: MIL-HDBK-1006/1 Policy and Procedures for Specifications PreparationMIL-STD-12D Abbreviations for Use on Type PublicationsMIL-STD-14A Architectural SymbolsMIL-STD-17B Mechanical SymbolsMIL-STD-18 Structural SymbolsDOD-STD-100C Engineering Drawing Prac-tices In addition, the following civilian industry standards should be on hand in the drafting room: ANSI Y14.1 Drawing Sheet Size and Format ANSI Y14.2 Line Conventions and Lettering ANSI Y14.3 Multi and Sectional ViewDrawings ANSI Y14.5-82 Dimensioning and Toler-ancing DrawingsAWS A3.0-85 Welding Terms and Defi-nitions Standards ASTM E380 Standard for Metric Use To be a proficient draftsman, you must be familiar with the tools of your trade and the proper techniques of using them. Great care must be given to the proper choice of drafting equip-ment and accessories. To have a few good pieces of equipment is much better than to have a large stock of undependable and shoddy equipment. |
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