The capital letters shown in figure 3-47 are formed with only straight-line strokes. Z, X, Y, K. Stroke 2 of the Z is longer than stroke 1. The inclined strokes of the their finishing points. The three strokes of the Y intersect slightly below the center of the square. Stroke 2 of the K intersects stroke 1 at a point one third of the distance up from the base line. Stroke 3, if extended, would intersect stroke 1 at the top.

I, A, L, T. The letter 1 is the basic vertical stroke. Inclined strokes 1 and 2 of the A intersect just above the cap line; stroke 3 is located one third of the distance up from the base line. The horizontal stroke of the T is drawn first; the vertical stroke or stem is drawn from the center. With both L and T, the horizontal stroke maybe lengthened or shortened to balance the letters in a word. If, for example, L precedes A, i ts horizontal stroke is reduced slightly; if T precedes A, its horizontal stroke is extended slightly. H, F, E. In H, F, and E, the central horizontal bar is placed slightly above the center for stability. In both E and F, the cap line stroke is four units long and the central stroke is three-fifths of this length. The base line of E is one-half unit longer than its cap line. V, W, M, N. The two inclined strokes of the V intersect just below the base line. The W is 1 1/3 times the width of a normal letter; note that it is wider than M. Strokes 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the W intersect below the base line. Strokes 3 and 4 of the M and 2 and 3 of the N intersect on the base line. Note that the outside strokes of the N are drawn first.

The capital letters shown in figure 3-48 are formed by either curved line strokes or by a combination of curved- and straight-line strokes.

O, Q, C, G. The O and Q are complete circles; C and G are not the full width of the square because they are not full circles. The tail of circle. Stroke 4 of G begins at the center of the circle.

U, J, D. Stroke 3 of U is elliptical and connects two parallel vertical lines a third of the distance above the base line. Stroke 2 of J is similar but not so broad. Stroke 4 of D is circular, joining two horizontal segments.

P, R, B. The horizontal midstrokes of R lie just below the midpoint, and the horizontal midstroke of B lies just above the midpoint. Horizontal stroke 4 in B is slightly longer than strokes 2 and 3, which are the same length.

Figure 3-48.-Lettering vertical capitals, curved- and straight-line combinations.

Figure 3-49.-Lettering vertical numerals.

S and &. The upper and lower portions of lower. The ampersand (&) is basically similar despite a greater difference in the sizes of the ellipses.