Figure 5-13.-Proper spacing of views.

give the appearance of a balanced drawing.  An easy way to locate horizontally aligned views on a standard size drawing sheet is shown in figure 5-13, view A. With a compass or scale, lay off the length plus the width of the object (A + B) from one end of the horizontal margin. Divide the remaining distance, C, into three equal parts (C/3). This will be the approximate distance from either view to the vertical margin. The two views should be equidistant from the vertical margin. The spacing between views should be adjusted so that the apparent area is close to the apparent area between either view and the vertical margin. Basically, the shape of the object will determine the space between views. Generally, the distance from the views to the vertical margins and the distance between views (X) will be approximately equal. To locate the views vertically on the paper, lay off the depth of the object (D) on the vertical margin. Divide the remaining distance (E) into two equal parts (E/2). This will be the approximate distance from the top or bottom of the view to the horizontal margins.

The same method also applies to vertically aligned views on a standard size drawing sheet, as shown in figure 5-13, view B.

Proper spacing of a three-view drawing is shown in figure 5-14. As you can see, the principle is the same as that applied in spacing a two-view drawing. Distances are again equal as indicated, with distance B equal to, or slightly less than, distance A, and distance D equal to, or slightly less than, distance C.

Figure 5-14.-Proper spacing of views on a three-view projection.

While the spacing of views in figure 5-14 is technically correct, the drawing has an unbalanced appearance because of the large area of empty space in the upper right corner and because the right side view crowds the title block. If the drawing will contain a sizeable bill of materials in the upper right corner, this spacing will be satisfactory. If not, it should be improved, if possible.

If the object is one that allows an arbitrary choice with regard to the designation of surfaces as top, front, and so on, the spacing can be improved by changing the designation shown in figure 5-14 and projecting the object as shown in figure 5-15. That which appears as the top in

Figure 5-15.-Improved spacing for three-view projection of object shown in figure 5-18.

figure 5-14, you can now call the front; it follows that which appears as the front in figure 5-14 appears as the bottom in figure 5-15. Again the right side view appears, but it now appears in the upper, rather than the lower, right corner and vertically rather than horizontally.

Spacing views in a drawing of a circular object is like spacing letters; you try to equalize the areas of the spaces around and between the views. Figure 5-16 shows properly spaced two-view drawings of a perforated disk. For the views that are horizontally in line, you locate the horizontal center line midway between the horizontal margins; for the views that are vertically in line, you locate it midway between the vertical margins. The other spacing is as indicated. To determine the lengths of distances A and 2/3 A, set a compass to the diameter plus the thickness of the disk, and lay off this distance on the margin. Then divide the remaining segment of the margin into three intervals, two of them being equal, and the third one being 1 1/2 times as long as each of the others.