X-rays may be produced by high-voltage electronic equipment. X-rays can penetrate human tissue and cause both temporary and permanent damage. Unless the dosage is extremely high, there will be no noticeable effects for days, weeks, or even years after the exposure.

The sources of these x-rays are usually confined to magnetrons, klystrons, and CRTs. Where these types of components are used, you should not linger near any equipment on which the equipment covers have been removed. Klystrons, magnetrons, rectifiers, or other tubes that use an excitation of 15,000 volts or more may emit x-rays out to a few feet, thus endangering you or other unshielded personnel standing or working close to the tubes.

If you must perform maintenance on x-ray emitting devices, take the following precautions:

Observe all warning signs (fig. 3-9) on the equipment and all written precautions in the equipment technical manual.

Do NOT bypass interlocks that prevent the servicing of operating equipment with the x-ray shield removed, unless the technical manual requires you to do so.

Be sure to replace all protective x-ray shielding when you finish the servicing.

Q10. What publication gives basic cleanup procedures for a broken, radioactive tube? SUMMARY

This chapter has presented radar safety measures you are expected to practice in your daily work. As with electrical and electronic safety, the greatest danger you will face as a Fire Controlman is becoming too familiar with the safety hazards you will face. COMPLACENCY KILLS! Radio frequency energy is not the only hazard associated with working around radar. Working aloft has its own set of hazards. Be

Figure 3-9.-X-ray caution label.

aware of your environment and other evolutions that are happening around you. It is your responsibility to know what warning signs mean and where they should be posted. Remember, as a Fire Controlman, you have a responsibility to yourself and to your shipmates to always be alert to detect and report hazardous work practices and conditions.

ANSWERS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS

Al. Radio Frequency Radiation.

A2. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO), Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel (HERF), and Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP).

A3. HERO safe, HERO susceptible, and HERO unsafe.

A4. NAVSEA OP 3565, Volume l.

A5. DOD Instruction 6055.11. Protection of DOD Personnel from Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation.

A6. 140 volts.

A7. OPNAVINST 5100.19 series, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat.

A8. Small (5 inch by 5 inch).

A9. Type 5, Warning Radio Frequency Hazard (Special Condition).

A10. EIMB, General, Section 3.