The platoon commander selects the initial attack formation for his platoon. However, he may change this formation as the attack progresses to meet a changing tactical situation. The available avenues of approach toward the enemy affect the platoon commander's choice to a great degree. Also, the need for security, control, flexibility, and speed influences his choice. On occasion, the platoon commander may prescribe the initial formation of the fire teams within the squads. Platoon formations (fig. 4-22) are similar to squad formations and are described below.

Platoon Column

The platoon column makes control easier and action to the flanks favorable. It uses minimum firepower in a forward direction and is useful when speed and control are governing factors and when visibility is limited. The platoon column is suitable for advancing through narrow, covered avenues of approach with maximum speed and control.

Platoon Wedge

The platoon wedge makes control easier, provides good all-around security, and is extremely flexible. It permits reasonable firepower to both the front and the flanks. When the enemy is known to be in the area but his exact strength and location are unknown or not clear, the platoon wedge should be used. Also, it is useful when the terrain and visibility require a greater dispersion of the platoon. The wedge tends to keep the bulk of the platoon from becoming engaged with the enemy too soon. It also permits flexibility in the employment of squads when contact is established.

Platoon Vee

The platoon vee uses movement into the platoon line formation (fig. 4-22). The platoon vee provides excellent firepower to both the front and the flanks, and it is useful primarily when the strength of the enemy and their location to the front are known. The platoon vee is easy to control and provides good security but is less maneuverable than the wedge.

Platoon Echelon Right or Left

The platoon echelon formations are hard to control; therefore, movements are slow and maneuvering difficult. However, it does provide heavy firepower to the front and in the direction of echelon. The platoon echelon is used primarily in protecting an exposed flank either right or left.

Platoon Line

The platoon line formation allows the platoon to deliver maximum firepower to the front. It is difficult to control and is most often used in the coordinated assault of all three squads.

Figure 4-23.-Rifle company attack formations.

Changing the Platoon Formation

Generally, the relative positions of the squads within the platoon remain fairly constant. However, since combat is unpredictable, changes are often necessary. As usual, these changes must be made as rapidly and smoothly as possible.

Platoon formation changes are identical to those of the squads, as shown in figure 4-21. The platoon commander, along with his staff, tries to stay in a central location to best observe the situation and to control the attack