When both bones of the lower leg are broken, the usual signs of fracture are likely to be present. When only one bone is broken, the other one acts as a splint and, thus to some extent, prevents deformity of the leg; however, tenderness, swelling, and pain at the point of fracture are usually present. A fracture just above the ankle is often mistaken for a sprain. When both bones of the lower leg are broken, an open fracture is likely to result.

TREATMENT. When the fracture is open, stop the bleeding and treat the wound.

Carefully straighten the injured leg. Apply three splints: one on each side of the leg and one underneath. Ensure the splints are well padded, especially under the knee and at the bones on each side of the ankle.

A pillow and two side splints work well for treatment of a fractured lower leg. Place the pillow beside the injured leg; then carefully lift the leg and place it in the middle of the pillow. Bring the edges of the pillow around to the front of the leg and pin them together. Then place one splint on each side of the leg, over the pillow, and fasten them in place with strips of bandage or adhesive tape.

Treat the victim for shock and obtain medical care as soon as possible.

FRACTURE OF THE KNEECAP

TREATMENT. The first-aid treatment for a fractured kneecap is as follows:

Carefully straighten the injured limb. Immobilize the fracture by placing a padded board under the injured limb. The board should be at least 4 inches wide and should reach from the buttock to the heel. Place extra padding under the knee and just above the heel, as shown in figure 10-52. Use strips of bandage to fasten the leg to the board in four places: (1) just below the knee, (2) just above the knee, (3) at the ankle, and (4) at the thigh. DO NOT COVER THE KNEE ITSELF. Swelling is likely to occur rapidly, and any bandage or tie fastened over the knee would quickly become too tight. Treat the victim for shock, and obtain medical care as soon as possible.