APPENDIX I GLOSSARY

ACC- Air carbon arc cutting.

ARC BLOW- The tendency for an arc to wander or whip from its normal course during arc welding.

ASME- American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

 AWS- American Welding Society.

BACKFIRE- Momentary burning back of the flame into the torch tip during welding or cutting.

BACKHAND WELDING- Welding in the direction opposite the direction the gas flame is pointing.

BURR- The sharp edge remaining on metal after cutting.

CARBURIZING FLAME- Produced by burning an excess of fuel gas.

CHAMFER- Bevel angling the metal edge where welding is to take place.

COMPRESSION STRESSES- The stresses developed within a material when forces tend to compress or crush the material.

DCRP- Direct current reverse polarity.

DCSP- Direct current straight polarity.

DISTORTION- The warping of a structure.

DUCTILITY- The property that enables a material to withstand extensive permanent deformation due to tension.

ELASTICITY- The ability of a material to return to its original form after deformation.

FATIGUE-- The tendency of a material to fail after repeated stressing at the same point.

FATIGUE STRENGTH- The ability of a material to resist various kinds of rapidly alternating stresses.

FERROUS- Denotes the family of metals in which iron is the major ingredient.

FLASHBACK- The flame burning in or beyond the torch mixing chamber during welding or cutting.

FLUX- A chemical used to promote fusion of metals during the welding process.

FOREHAND WELDING- Welding in the same direction as the torch flame points.

FUSION-The melting together of metals.

GMAW- Gas metal arc welding.

GTAW- Gas tungsten arc welding.

IMPACT STRENGTH- The ability of a metal to resist suddenly applied loads; measured in footpounds of force.

KERF- The narrow slit formed in metal as cutting progresses.

LAYOUT- The process of measuring and marking materials for cutting, bending, drilling, or welding.

MALLEABILITY- The property that enables a material to withstand permanent deformation caused by compression.

MAPP- A stabilized methyl acetylene-propadiene fuel gas. A Dow Chemical Company product.

METALLOID- A nonmetal that can combine with a metal to form an alloy.

METALLURGY- The science and technology of metals.

MIG- A term used to describe gas metal arc welding (metal inert gas).

NEUTRAL FLAME- Produced when equal amounts of oxygen and fuel gas are burned.

NORMALIZING- A heat-treating operation involving the heating of an iron-base alloy above its critical temperature range and cooling it in still air for the purpose of removing stresses.

NONFERROUS- Metals containing no iron.

OFW- Oxyfuel welding.

OXIDIZING FLAME- Produced by burning about twice as much oxygen as fuel gas.

PASS- A single progression of a welding operation along a joint or weld deposit. The result of a pass is a weld bead.

PLASTICITY- The ability of a material to permanently deform without breaking or rupturing.

POROSITY- The presence of gas pockets or voids in metal.

QUENCHING- The process of rapid cooling from an elevated temperature by contact with fluids or gases.

QUENCHING MEDIUM- The oil, water, brine, or other medium used for rapid cooling.

RSW- Resistance spot welding.

RW- Resistance welding.

SEIZE- To bind securely the end of a wire rope or strand with seizing wire.

SHEARING STRESSES- The stresses developed within a material when external forces are applied along parallel lines in opposite directions.

SMAW- Shielded metal arc welding.

SOAKING- Holding a metal at a required temperature for a specified time to obtain even temperature throughout the section.

STINGER- An electrode holder; a clamping device for holding the electrode securely in any position.

STRESS-External or internal force applied to an objectl

TENSILE STRENGTH- The resistance to being pulled apart.

TENSION STRESSES- The stresses developed when a material is subjected to a pulling load.

TIG- A term used to describe gas tungsten arc welding (tungsten inert gas).

TINNING- A term applied to soldering where the metals to be soldered together are first given a coat of the soldering metal.

WELD- To join metals by heating them to a melting temperature and causing the molten metal to flow together.

WELDMENT- An assembly whose parts are joined by welding.

ULTIMATE STRENGTH- The maximum strain that a material is capable of withstanding.

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