Satellite imagery provides the forecaster with information that may be used in conjunction with previously discussed techniques in forecasting movement and intensity of troughs, ridges, and systems aloft. As discussed in the AG2 TRAMAN, volume 1, satellite imagery should be compared with the analyzed charts and products to ensure they reflect a true picture of the atmosphere. As with the analyses, satellite imagery should also be used in preparation of your forecast products.

The following features can be useful to the forecaster in producing prognostic upper-air charts:

. Positive vorticity advection maximum (PVA maximum) cloud patterns associated with the upper-air troughs and ridges

Upper-level prognostic charts with varying valid times are uploaded to the Naval Oceanographic and Data Distribution System (NODDS) daily. Items included on the charts will vary on an individual basis, with respect to the contours for the particular height, isotachs, and isotherms.

The forecaster may use these charts directly for preparing forecasts, or in conjunction with their own prepared products. A complete listing of charts available with descriptions is found in the Navy Oceanographic Data Distribution System Products Manual, FLENUMMETOCCENINST 3147.1.

The Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center prepares a large number of computer products for upper air forecasting. The Numerical Environmental Products Manual, volume 3 (Environmental Products ), FLENUMMETOCCENINST 3145.2, lists available products.

In this chapter we first discussed general prognostic considerations. The value of an accurate, hand drawn analysis was addressed, along with a discussion of available aids, including computer products and satellite imagery. The majority of this chapter deals with objective forecasting techniques used in the preparation of upper level charts. The first topic discussed was that of forecasting the movement of troughs and ridges, followed by a discussion on forecasting the intensity of troughs and ridges. Lastly, forecasting of the movement, intensity, and the formation of upper level systems and associated features were covered.

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