The important information in this chapter is summarized below.

Corrosives Summary

The hazards of acids:

High concentrations can destroy body tissue, eyes being especially susceptible with permanent damage or loss of sight.

Inhalation of acidic vapors can irritate the respiratory system.

Ingestion can destroy the stomach and throat lining, and if the concentration is strong enough, ingestion can be fatal.

Aqueous solutions can become explosive if combined with other chemicals or combustible materials

If reacting with metal, hydrogen gas may be a byproduct, which is very explosive.

The hazards of alkalies:

Alkalies are more destructive than the acids.

Alkali dusts, mists, and sprays can cause irritation of nasal passages, eyes, and respiratory tract.

When in contact with the tissue, strong alkalies will cause ulcers, severe burns, and eventual scarring.

Ingestion causes perforations of the mucous membrane and deeper tissues; death may result if penetration is in vital areas.

Precautions when using corrosives:

An adequate supply of washdown water must be available.

Proper ventilation in corrosive work area must be provided.

Proper drainage must be provided such that exposure is limited.

Face shields and safety glasses that protect the eyes from splashes and extensive vapor should be worn.

Proper personnel safety equipment should be worn when appropriate (chemical gloves, respirators, coveralls, etc.)

Precautions when storing corrosives:

The building, or area within the building selected, should be of fireresistant construction.

The floors should be composed of chemical-resistant brick or treated concrete, be washable, and be provided with adequate drainage.

A well-lit and ventilated area in which there are adequate outlets for water should be provided.

A relatively cool and dry environment should be maintained, preventing extremes of temperature and humidity.

Electrical fixtures should be protected against corrosive mists, and wiring should be enclosed and covered with corrosive-resistant material.