KEEL, or LUMBER CRAYON, is a thick crayon used for marking stakes or other surfaces. Common marking devices that contain a quick-drying fluid and a felt tip are also popular for marking stakes. All of these types of graphic marking materials come in various colors.

In addition to keel, paint is used to mark pavement surfaces. Paint may be brushed on or sprayed from a spray can. To make the location of a point conspicuous, use a circle, a cross, or a triangle. Identification symbols, such as station or traverse numbers, may also be painted on. For a neater job, stencils are sometimes used.

Colored cloth bunting or plastic tape is often used to make stakes conspicuous so they will be easier to find or to warn Equipment Operators away. Flagging may also be used for identification purposes. For example, traverse stakes may be marked with one color, grade stakes with another. Red, yellow, orange, and white are the most popular colors of flagging.

NOTE-KEEPING MATERIALS 

Field notes are usually kept in a bound, standard field notebook. Sometimes loose-leaf notebooks are used but are not generally recom-mended because of the chance of losing some pages. Notebooks are classified as ENGINEERS or TRANSIT FIELD BOOKS, LEVEL BOOKS, CROSS SECTION BOOKS, and so forth, depending on their use. In a transit book, the left-hand side of the page is used for recording measurement data, and the right-hand side of the page, for remarks, sketches, and other supplementary information. The other field books generally follow the same pattern of usage. Different types of field books and inside pages are shown in figure 11-58. Note how each type is lined or gridded. Actually, a transit or a level book may be used for recording any type of survey. You may add or modify the column headings to suit the required data you desire to record.