ENCLAVING (ISLAND) SECURITY CONCEPT

Enclaving is the preferred method for securing relatively small restricted areas at specific sites within an installation. These areas include naval readiness or other critical assets requiring a higher degree of protection than the installation itself. Enclaving involves segregating certain areas and concentrating security resources for these areas, which is generally more cost-effective than fencing the entire perimeter. For instance, a restricted area may be enclaved by a separate fence, lighting, or alarm system, without fencing the entire installation perimeter.

As in the case for the protection of arms, ammunition, and explosives according to OPNAVINST 5530.13, installing standard chain link fencing around the entire outer perimeter of certain naval installations may not be consistent with attempts by the Federal government to retrocede legislative jurisdiction to state authorities for certain areas aboard naval installations. Examples include Navy and Marine Corps exchanges and financial, recreational, and medical facilities.

Enclaving does not eliminate the requirement to identify and post installation perimeters. This could be accomplished by installing alternate fencing, such as two- to four-strand barbed wire.

Installations that elect to adopt enclaving to protect assets as a temporary or permanent alternative to required perimeter standard fencing must submit a waiver or exception request per paragraph 0116 of OPNAVINST 5530.14. Requests must indicate the type of perimeter fencing planned and/or other compensatory security measures planned or in place.

AREA DESIGNATIONS

Different areas and tasks require different degrees of security interest depending upon their purposes, nature of the work performed within, and the information and/or materials concerned. For similar reasons, different areas within an activity may have varying degrees of security importance. To address these situations, facilitate operations and simplify the security system. A careful application of restrictions, controls, and protective measures commensurate with varying degrees or levels of security importance is essential. In some cases, the entire area of an activity may have a uniform degree of security importance requiring only one level of restriction and control. In others, differences in the degree of security importance will require further segregation of certain security interests.

Areas will be designated as either restricted areas or nonrestricted areas. Restricted areas are established in writing by a commanding officer within his or her jurisdiction. These areas are established "pursuant to lawful authority and promulgated pursuant to DOD Directive 5200.8, dated 29 July 1980 (enclosed in SECNAVINST 5511.36), and Section 21, Internal Security Act of 1950; Ch. 1024, 64 stat. 1005; 50 U.S.C. 797)."

Now let's look at restricted and nonrestricted areas in more detail.

RESTRICTED AND NONRESTRICTED AREAS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Identify and explain the three types of restricted areas. Define a nonrestricted area.

Three types of restricted areas are established in descending order of importance-Level Three. Level Two, and-Level One. All restricted areas should be posted simply as Restricted Areas (according to sign provisions set forth in the following paragraphs) so as not to single out or draw attention to the importance or criticality of an area. While restricted areas often pertain to the safeguarding of classified information, there are other valid reasons to establish restricted areas, such as mission sensitivity; protection of certain unclassified chemicals; precious metals or precious-metal-bearing articles; conventional arms, ammunition and explosives; finds; drugs; nuclear material; sensitive or critical assets; or articles having high likelihood of theft.

LEVEL THREE (FORMERLY EXCLUSION AREA)

Level Three is the most secure type of restricted area It may be within less secure types of restricted areas. It contains a security interest that, if lost, stolen, compromised or sabotaged, would cause grave damage to the command mission or national security. Access to the Level Three restricted area constitutes, or is considered to constitute, actual access to the security interest or asset.

LEVEL TWO (FORMERLY LIMITED AREA)

The second most secure type of restricted area is Level Two. It may be inside a Level One area, but is never inside a Level Three area. It contains a security interest that, if lost, stolen, compromised, or sabotaged, would cause serious damage to the command mission or national security. Uncontrolled or unescorted movement could permit access to the security interest.

LEVEL ONE (FORMERLY CONTROLLED AREA)

Level One is the least secure type of restricted area. It contains a security interest that, if lost, stolen, compromised, or sabotaged, would cause damage to the command mission or national security. It may also serve as a buffer zone for Level Three and Level Two restricted areas, thus providing administrative control, safety, and protection against sabotage, disruption, or potentially threatening acts. Uncontrolled movement may or may not permit access to a security interest or asset.

NONRESTRICTED AREAS

A nonrestricted area is an area, under the jurisdiction of an activity, where access is either minimally controlled or uncontrolled. Such an area may be fenced or open to uncontrolled movement of the general public. An example of a nonrestricted area is a visitor or employee parking lot that is open and unattended by guards. After business hours it may be closed patrolled, and converted to a restricted area. Another example is a personnel office where the general public is permitted access during business hours without being required to check in or register with the security office. A nonrestricted area maybe an area enclosed by a fence or other barrier, where access is minimally controlled by a checkpoint only, ensuring that the visit or access was for an authorized purpose. In such cases, further security authorization (a security clearance) would not be required for access. A housing area exterior to the base would normally be designated as a nonrestricted area. Nonrestricted areas should not be located inside restricted areas.

Many activities and installations have areas containing a number of facilities where members of the Armed Forces and their dependents, as well as civilian employees and their families, are permitted access by displaying vehicle decals or by presenting appropriate identification cards (not issued on the basis of security clearance or similar screening, but by virtue of employment or status). These facilities include exchanges, commissaries, administrative offices, dispensaries, clubs, recreational facilities, and so on. Areas containing these facilities on activities and installations will normally be designated as nonrestricted areas. However, these facilities themselves may have internal spaces that will, of necessity, be designated as restricted areas.

MINIMUM SECURITY MEASURES

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: List and explain the minimum security measures for each type of restricted area. Explain the general security measures taken within restricted areas.

Each type of restricted area requires a certain minimum level of protection. Except as indicated in OPNAVINST 5530.14, classification of each type of restricted area is the responsibility of the commanding officer. Now let's consider the minimum security measures required for each level.