APPENDIX I GLOSSARY

AGGREGATE-Crushed rock or gravel screened to size for use in road surfaces, concrete, or bituminous mixes.

AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE-Concrete containing millions of trapped air bubbles.

AUGER-A boring bit.

BATCH-The amount of concrete mixed at one time regardless of quantity.

BATTER BOARDS-Two boards nailed at right angles to posts set up near the proposed corner of an excavation for a building and used for transferring building lines.

BOX NAILS-Lightweight nails with large heads. BRAD-A slender nail with a small head.

BRICK-Solid blocks of fine clay.

BUTTERING-Putting mortar on a brick or block with a trowel before laying.

CARRIAGE BOLT-A partially threaded bolt with a head that is flat on the underside and rounded on top.

CASING NAILS-Twopenny (2d) to fortypenny (40d) nails with flaring heads.

CEMENT-Fuzed and pulverized limestone and clay.

COMMON BOND-Five stretcher courses with the sixth as an all header course.

COMMON NAILS-Twopenny (2d) to sixtypenny (60d) strong nails.

CONCRETE BUGGY-Two-wheeled buggy for transporting concrete, nicknamed "Georgia Buggy."

CONCRETE-Artificial stone made of cement, water, sand, and aggregate.

CONSTRUCTION JOINT-A joint that runs through concrete. Made by pouring sections of a structure at different times.

COURSE-A single layer of bricks, stone, or other masonry.

CURING-The process of keeping concrete damp and at favorable temperatures to ensure complete hardening.

EXPANSION JOINT-Construction joint with expandable material at the contact points.

FINISHING NAILS-Twopenny (2d) to twentypenny (20d) sizes with small barrel-shaped heads.

FOOTING-An enlargement at the lower end of a wall to distribute the load to a wider area of supporting soil.

GIN POLE-An upright guy pole with hoisting tackle and foot-mounted snatch block used for vertical lifts.

GIRDER-A supporting beam laid crosswise of the building; a long truss.

GIRT-A horizontal brace used on outside walls covered with vertical siding.

GROUT-A mixture of sand, cement, and water that can be poured.

GUNITE-A patent name for spray concrete.

HONEYCOMBING-Sections of weak, porous concrete.

JOIST-A member that makes up the body of the floor and ceiling frames.

LAG SCREW-A screw with a wrench head and wood screw threads.

LEADS-Points at which block and brick are laid up a few courses and used as guides.

LINE-Strands of natural or synthetic fiber twisted together, sometimes referred to as "rope."

MONOLITHIC POUR-Concrete cast in a single pour.

MORTAR-Sand, water, and cementing material in proper proportions.

MOUSING-Turns of cordage around the opening of a block hook.

PERLITE-Lightweight concrete aggregate.

PUMP CREATE-A method of placing small aggregate concrete by means of a pump.

PURLINS-Horizontal members of a roof supporting the common rafters. The members span between trusses to support sheeting.

PUTLOG-Horizontal boards set perpendicular to scaffold lengths that directly support the platform planks.

RAFTERS-Main body members of roof framework.

REEVING-Threading or placement of a working line.

RIDGEBOARD-The horizontal timber at the upper end of the common rafters to which the rafters are nailed.

SHEAVE-A grooved wheel used to support cable or change its direction of travel (pronounced "shiv").

SHRINKAGE-Concrete contraction due to curing and excess water in mix.

SLUMP TEST-A means of sample testing concrete for consistency; a measure of the plasticity of a concrete mix.

SLURRY-Thin watery mixture of water and cement.

STRIPPING-The removal of mold forms from hardened concrete.

STUDS-The vertical members of walls, wooden forms, and frames.

TERRAZZO-A concrete surface of Portland cement, fines, and marble chips.

TIES-Metal strips used to tie the outer wall of brick or masonry to the inner wall. Also used to tie concrete forms together.

TRUSS-A combination of members, such as beams, bars, and ties, usually arranged in triangular units to form a rigid framework for supporting loads over a span, usually a roof or bridge.

WIRE ROPE-A rope formed of wires wrapped around a central core; a steel cable.

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